Preventative Cardiology
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- Smoking cessation, weight gain and risk of cardiovascular disease.To examine whether the relationship between smoking cessation and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was modified by weight gain.A total of 69 910 participants (29 650 men and 46 260 women) aged 45-74 years were grouped into six groups by smoking status in the first and 5-year surveys: sustained smokers, […]
- Hospital Readmission in Patients With Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection.Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) can present with various clinical symptoms, including chest pain, syncope, and sudden cardiac death, particularly in those without atherosclerotic risk factors. In this contemporary analysis, we aimed to identify the causes and predictors of 30-day hospital readmission in SCAD patients. We utilized the latest Nationwide […]
- Cannabis Use and Electrocardiographic Myocardial Injury.Multiple observational studies have demonstrated an association with cannabis use and acute myocardial infarction, especially among young adults. However, little is known about the connection with subclinical or electrocardiographic myocardial injury. We hypothesized that cannabis use would be associated with an increased risk of myocardial injury as defined by the […]
- Improving detection and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia in Australian general practice.Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is characterised by elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, FH remains substantially underdiagnosed and undertreated. We employed a two-stage pragmatic approach to identify and manage patients with FH in primary healthcare.Medical records for 232 139 patients who attended 15 general practices at least […]
- Final Report of a Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control.In a previously reported randomized trial of standard and intensive systolic blood-pressure control, data on some outcome events had yet to be adjudicated and post-trial follow-up data had not yet been collected.We randomly assigned 9361 participants who were at increased risk for cardiovascular disease but did not have diabetes or […]
- Heart healthy cities: genetics loads the gun but the environment pulls the trigger.The world’s population is estimated to reach 10 billion by 2050 and 75% of this population will live in cities. Two-third of the European population already live in urban areas and this proportion continues to grow. Between 60% and 80% of the global energy use is consumed by urban areas, […]
- Usefulness of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for Primary Prevention of Heart Failure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) empagliflozin, canagliflozin, and dapagliflozin reduce the risk of heart failure (HF) events in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) at high risk for HF. Differences in HF outcomes between SGLT2i were demonstrated in a recent-published meta-analysis. Nevertheless, comparative cost-effectiveness analyses of SGLT2i provided for this […]
- Comparative Effectiveness of Aspirin Dosing in Cardiovascular Disease.The appropriate dose of aspirin to lower the risk of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke and to minimize major bleeding in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a subject of controversy.Using an open-label, pragmatic design, we randomly assigned patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease to a strategy of 81 […]
- Diagnosis and Management of Headache: A Review.Approximately 90% of people in the US experience headache during their lifetime. Migraine is the second leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide.Primary headache disorders are defined as headaches that are unrelated to an underlying medical condition and are categorized into 4 groups: migraine, tension-type headache, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, […]
- Lipoprotein(a) is robustly associated with aortic valve calcium.To investigate the prevalence and quantity of aortic valve calcium (AVC) in two large cohorts, stratified according to age and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and to assess the association between Lp(a) and AVC.We included 2412 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study (52% women, mean age=69.6±6.3 years) and 859 apparently healthy individuals from […]
- Lowering cholesterol, blood pressure, or both to prevent cardiovascular events: results of 8.7 years of follow-up of Heart Outcomes Evaluation Prevention (HOPE)-3 study participants.Rosuvastatin (10 mg per day) compared with placebo reduced major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events by 24% in 12 705 participants at intermediate CV risk after 5.6 years. There was no benefit of blood pressure (BP) lowering treatment in the overall group, but a reduction in events in the third of […]
- Prognostic value of lower bone mineral density in predicting adverse cardiovascular disease in Asian women.We investigated whether the evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) provides independent and incremental prognostic value for predicting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in women.A total of 12 681 women aged 50-80 years (mean, 63.0±7.8 years) who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were retrospectively analysed. We assessed the hazard ratio (HR) for […]
- Leveraging clinical epigenetics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a call for individualized therapies.Described as the ‘single largest unmet need in cardiovascular medicine’, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains an untreatable disease currently representing 65% of new heart failure diagnoses. HFpEF is more frequent among women and associates with a poor prognosis and unsustainable healthcare costs. Moreover, the variability in HFpEF […]
- Screening for Hypertension in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and can be modified through lifestyle and pharmacological interventions to reduce cardiovascular events and mortality.To systematically review the benefits and harms of screening and confirmatory blood pressure measurements in adults, to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration […]
- Associations of healthy lifestyle and socioeconomic status with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease: two prospective cohort studies.To examine whether overall lifestyles mediate associations of socioeconomic status (SES) with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the extent of interaction or joint relations of lifestyles and SES with health outcomes.Population based cohort study.US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (US NHANES, 1988-94 and 1999-2014) and UK Biobank.44 462 […]
- A call to action for new global approaches to cardiovascular disease drug solutions.Whilst we continue to wrestle with the immense challenge of implementing equitable access to established evidence-based treatments, substantial gaps remain in our pharmacotherapy armament for common forms of cardiovascular disease including coronary and peripheral arterial disease, heart failure, hypertension, and arrhythmia. We need to continue to invest in the development […]
- Screening for Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.Low serum vitamin D levels have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes; identifying and treating deficiency may improve outcomes.To review the evidence about screening for vitamin D deficiency in adults.PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and trial registries through March 12, 2020; bibliographies from retrieved articles, outside experts, and surveillance of […]
- A proteomic atlas of the neointima identifies novel druggable targets for preventive therapy.In-stent restenosis is a complication after coronary stenting associated with morbidity and mortality. Here, we sought to investigate the molecular processes underlying neointima formation and to identify new treatment and prevention targets.Neointima formation was induced by wire injury in mouse femoral arteries. High-accuracy proteomic measurement of single femoral arteries to […]
- The physical activity paradox in cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: the contemporary Copenhagen General Population Study with 104 046 adults.Leisure time physical activity associates with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, while these relationships for occupational physical activity are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that leisure time physical activity associates with reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality risk, while occupational physical activity associates with […]
- Axial flow ventricular assist devices in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction.Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains the leading cause of death in patients hospitalised with acute myocardial infarction with mortality as high as 40%-50% prior to hospital discharge. The failure of inotropic therapy to maintain adequate perfusion and to prevent irreversible end-organ failure has led to attempts to improve outcomes by mechanical […]
- Intensive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering in cardiovascular disease prevention: opportunities and challenges.Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemia from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) were updated in late 2019 in light of recent intervention trials involving the […]
- Association of the combined effects of air pollution and changes in physical activity with cardiovascular disease in young adults.Little is known about the trade-off between the health benefits of physical activity (PA) and the potential harmful effects of increased exposure to air pollution during outdoor PA. We examined the association of the combined effects of air pollution and changes in PA with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young adults.This […]
- Stress-associated neurobiological activity associates with the risk for and timing of subsequent Takotsubo syndrome.Activity in the amygdala, a brain centre involved in the perception of and response to stressors, associates with: (i) heightened sympathetic nervous system and inflammatory output and (ii) risk of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that the amygdalar activity (AmygA) ratio is heightened among individuals who develop Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), a […]
- Antithrombotic therapy in diabetes: which, when, and for how long?Cardiovascular disease remains the main cause of mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) and also results in significant morbidity. Premature and more aggressive atherosclerotic disease, coupled with an enhanced thrombotic environment, contributes to the high vascular risk in individuals with DM. This prothrombotic milieu is due to increased platelet […]
- Usefulness of Antiplatelet Therapy After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.The rationale for dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is to facilitate endothelialization of metallic struts of the transcatheter heart valve (THV) and to prevent thrombosis that could lead to thromboembolic events. Based on expert consensus, current societal guidelines recommend DAPT for 1 to 6 months […]
- Genetically determined NLRP3 inflammasome activation associates with systemic inflammation and cardiovascular mortality.Inflammation plays an important role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. The NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. Components of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway such as interleukin-1β can therapeutically be targeted. Associations of genetically determined inflammasome-mediated systemic inflammation with CVD and mortality in […]
- Influenza vaccination: a ‘shot’ at INVESTing in cardiovascular health.The link between viral respiratory infection and non-pulmonary organ-specific injury, including cardiac injury, has become increasingly appreciated during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Even prior to the pandemic, however, the association between acute infection with influenza and elevated cardiovascular risk was evident. The recently published results of the […]
- Road traffic noise and cardiovascular disease risk factors in UK Biobank.The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional associations of modelled residential road traffic noise with cardiovascular disease risk factors [systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), C-reactive protein, triglycerides, glycated haemoglobin, and self-reported hypertension] in UK Biobank.The UK Biobank recruited 502 651 individuals aged 40-69 years across […]
- Effect of Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Vitamin D Supplementation on Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disturbance, continues to increase in incidence, and results in significant morbidity and mortality. The marine omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and vitamin D have been reported to have both benefits and risks with respect to incident […]
- Low lipoprotein(a) levels and risk of disease in a large, contemporary, general population study.With the current focus on lipoprotein(a) as a likely causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease and new drugs potentially on the market to lower lipoprotein(a) levels, the safety of lowering lipoprotein(a) to low levels becomes increasingly important. We tested whether low levels of lipoprotein(a) and corresponding LPA genotypes associate with […]