Preventative Cardiology

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• Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.24th November 2020
  Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the US, and poor diet and lack of physical activity are major factors contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.To review the benefits and harms of behavioral counseling interventions to improve diet and physical activity in adults with cardiovascular risk factors.MEDLINE, PubMed, […]
• Aspirin in Primary Prevention: What Changed? A Critical Appraisal of Current Evidence.22nd November 2020
  Aspirin has been the mainstay of both secondary and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease for half a century. In 2018, 3 trials showed a modest reduction in cardiovascular outcomes that appeared counterbalanced by the risk of clinically significant bleeding. The latest ACC/AHA primary prevention guidelines downgraded their recommendation for aspirin […]
• Optimal Medical Therapy Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.22nd November 2020
  Limited data exist on optimal medical therapy post-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for late cardiovascular events prevention. We aimed to evaluate the benefits of beta-blocker (BB), renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (RASi), and their combination on outcomes following successful TAVI. In a consecutive cohort of 1684 patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing […]
• Association of β-blocker use with survival and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.19th November 2020
  The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of β-blockers (BBs) on respiratory function and survival in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as the difference between the effects of cardioselective and noncardioselective BBs.We searched for relevant literature in four electronic databases, […]
• Screening and Intervention to Prevent Falls and Fractures in Older People.19th November 2020
  Community screening and therapeutic prevention strategies may reduce the incidence of falls in older people. The effects of these measures on the incidence of fractures, the use of health resources, and health-related quality of life are unknown.In a pragmatic, three-group, cluster-randomized, controlled trial, we estimated the effect of advice sent […]
• Sotagliflozin in Patients with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.17th November 2020
  The efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors such as sotagliflozin in preventing cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes with chronic kidney disease with or without albuminuria have not been well studied.We conducted a multicenter, double-blind trial in which patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (glycated hemoglobin level, ≥7%), […]
• Similar cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes and established or high risk for coronary vascular disease treated with dulaglutide with and without baseline metformin.16th November 2020
  Recent European Guidelines for Diabetes, Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases introduced a shift in managing patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for or established cardiovascular (CV) disease by recommending GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors as initial glucose-lowering therapy. This is questioned since outcome trials of these drug classes […]
• Meta-Analysis of Safety and Efficacy of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin According to Time in Therapeutic Range in Atrial Fibrillation.15th November 2020
  Among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, it is unclear whether the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) relative to warfarin is consistent across various levels of international normalized ratio (INR) control. To determine the efficacy and safety of DOAC agents compared to warfarin for patients with various levels of […]
• Screening for High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.10th November 2020
  Prevalence of hypertension (both primary and secondary) in children and adolescents in the US ranges from 3% to 4%. Primary hypertension in children and adolescents occurs primarily in children older than 13 years and has no known cause but is associated with several risk factors, including family history and higher […]
• Obstructive sleep apnoea, intermittent hypoxia and heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction.7th November 2020
  Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is recognised to be a potent risk factor for hypertension, coronary heart disease, strokes and heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. However, the association between OSA and heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is less well recognised. Both conditions are very common globally.It […]
• Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1): a crucial driver of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.7th November 2020
  Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), specifically lipid-driven atherosclerotic CVDs, remain the number one cause of death worldwide. The lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1), a scavenger receptor that promotes endothelial dysfunction by inducing pro-atherogenic signalling and plaque formation via the endothelial uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and electronegative LDL, contributes to […]
• Long-term cardiovascular disease mortality among 160 834 5-year survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer: an American population-based cohort study.6th November 2020
  Our aim was to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in US 5-year survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer compared with those of the general population and contemporaneous 5-year survivors of childhood cancer.A total of 160 834 5-year AYA cancer survivors (aged 15-39 years at diagnosis) […]
• Trends of global burden of atrial fibrillation/flutter from Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.5th November 2020
  This study aimed to estimate the global burden of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF/AFL).We retrieved data from the Global Health Data Exchange query tool and estimated the age-standardised rates (ASRs) of prevalence, incidence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of AF/AFL, as well as the population attributable fraction (PAF) of risk factors contributing […]
• Normative Reference Values of Cardiac Output by Pulsed-wave Doppler Echocardiography in Adults.4th November 2020
  Cardiac output (CO) is routinely assessed by pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography, yet reference values in adults are lacking. We aim to establish normative values of CO and cardiac index (CI) by pulsed-wave Doppler-echocardiography and to analyze their relationship with gender and age in non-obese and obese adults. We included 4040 adults […]
• Meta-analysis Evaluating the Utility of Colchicine in Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease.2nd November 2020
  Colchicine has shown potential therapeutic benefits in cardiovascular conditions owing to its broad anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety of colchicine in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A systematical search in electronic databases of PubMed, The Cochrane Library and Scopus were carried […]
• Considering complexity in the genetic evaluation of dilated cardiomyopathy.28th October 2020
  Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiovascular disease of genetic aetiology that causes substantial morbidity and mortality, and presents considerable opportunity for disease mitigation and prevention in those at risk. Foundational to the process of caring for patients diagnosed with DCM is a clinical genetic evaluation, which always begins with a […]
• Contemporary differences between bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve in chronic aortic regurgitation.28th October 2020
  To comprehensively explore contemporary differences between bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients with chronic haemodynamically significant aortic regurgitation (AR).Consecutive patients with chronic ≥moderate-severe AR from a tertiary referral centre (2006-2017) were included. All-cause mortality, surgical indications and aortic valve surgery (AVS) were analysed.Of 798 patients (296 […]
• Prevention and treatment of pulmonary congestion in patients undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiogenic shock.25th October 2020
  Cardiogenic shock is still a major driver of mortality on intensive care units and complicates ∼10% of acute coronary syndromes with contemporary mortality rates up to 50%. In the meantime, percutaneous circulatory support devices, in particular venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), have emerged as an established salvage intervention for patients […]
• Cardiovascular disease recurrence and long-term mortality in a tri-ethnic British cohort.17th October 2020
  Ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease incidence, but not cardiovascular disease recurrence, are reported. We characterised long-term risk of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and mortality following a non-fatal cardiovascular event in a British cohort of South Asians, African Caribbeans and Europeans.We identified index and recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality between […]
• Socioeconomic characteristics of patients with coronary heart disease in relation to their cardiovascular risk profile.17th October 2020
  People’s socioeconomic status (SES) has a major impact on the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in primary prevention. In patients with existing ASCVD these associations are less documented. Here, we evaluate to what extent SES is still associated with patients’ risk profile in secondary prevention.Based on results from a […]
• Meta-Analysis of Bioprosthetic Valve Thrombosis after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.16th October 2020
  Bioprosthetic valve thrombosis may complicate transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This meta-analysis sought to evaluate the prevalence and clinical impact of subclinical leaflet thrombosis (SLT) and clinical valve thrombosis (CVT) after TAVI. We summarized diagnostic strategies, prevalence of SLT and/or CVT and estimated their impact on the risk of all-cause […]
• Usefulness of The American Heart Association’s Ideal Cardiovascular Health Measure to Predict Long-term Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (From the Heart SCORE Study).16th October 2020
  To further reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and expand prevention efforts, the American Heart Association (AHA) introduced in 2010 the concept of Ideal Cardiovascular Health (ICH), which includes seven metrics (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose). Limited data […]
• Meta-Analysis Comparing the Frequency of Carotid Artery Stenosis in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Vice Versa.16th October 2020
  Atrial fibrillation (AF) and carotid stenosis (CS) can co-exist and this association has been reported to result in a higher risk of stroke than attributed to either condition alone. Here we aimed to summarize the data on the association of CS and AF. MEDLINE and Embase were searched to identify […]
• Impact of cardiovascular risk factors and genetics on 10-year absolute risk of dementia: risk charts for targeted prevention.6th October 2020
  Dementia is a major global challenge for health and social care in aging populations. A third of all dementia may be preventable due to cardiovascular risk factors. Intensive multi-domain intervention trials targeting primarily cardiovascular risk factors show improved cognitive function in people at risk. Such interventions will, however, be expensive […]
• Salt and cardiovascular disease: insufficient evidence to recommend low sodium intake.4th October 2020
  Several blood pressure guidelines recommend low sodium intake (<2.3 g/day, 100 mmol, 5.8 g/day of salt) for the entire population, on the premise that reductions in sodium intake, irrespective of the levels, will lower blood pressure, and, in turn, reduce cardiovascular disease occurrence. These guidelines have been developed without effective interventions to achieve […]
• Development and validation of two SCORE-based cardiovascular risk prediction models for Eastern Europe: a multicohort study.4th October 2020
  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction models are used in Western European countries, but less so in Eastern European countries where rates of CVD can be two to four times higher. We recalibrated the SCORE prediction model for three Eastern European countries and evaluated the impact of adding seven behavioural and […]
• Estimating Aspirin Overuse for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (From a Nationwide Healthcare System).29th September 2020
  The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association recently published guidelines narrowing the indications for low-dose aspirin use. The suitability of the electronic health record (EHR) to identify patients for low-dose aspirin deprescribing is unknown. To apply the 3 low-dose aspirin guidelines to EHR data, the guidelines were deconstructed […]
• Trends in Costs and Risk Factors of 30-Day Readmissions for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.29th September 2020
  As transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) continues its rapid growth as a treatment approach for aortic stenosis, costs associated with TAVI and its burden to healthcare systems will assume greater importance. Patients undergoing TAVI between January 2012 and November 2017 in the Nationwide Readmission Database were identified. Trends in cause-specific […]
• Five-Year Residual Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction Model for Statin Treated Patients with Known Cardiovascular Disease.29th September 2020
  Despite statin therapy, many patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) still suffer from ASCVD events. Predictors of residual ASCVD risk are not well-delineated. We aimed to develop an ASCVD risk prediction model for patients with prior ASCVD on statin use. We utilized statin-treated patients with ASCVD from the AIM-HIGH trial […]
• Temporal Trends of Cardiac Outcomes and Impact on Survival in Patients with Cancer.29th September 2020
  To evaluate the temporal relationships of cardiovascular disease in oncology patients referred to cardio-oncology and describe the impact of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors on outcomes. All adult oncology patients referred to the cardio-oncology service at the Cleveland Clinic from January 2011 up to June 2018 were included in […]