The Latest Ophthalmology Articles

The last visual survey of older adults in Hong Kong was a district-level study in 2002, with no assessment of behavioral and medical risk factors for visual impairment (VI). Our objectives were to determine the latest VI prevalence among older adults, significance of any spatial and temporal differences on the prevalence, and any associations of […]

Determine phacoemulsification cataract surgery risk in a Covid-19 era.SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) transmission via microdroplet and aerosol generating procedures present a risk to medical professionals. As the most common elective surgical procedure performed globally; determining contamination risk from phacoemulsification cataract surgery may guide personal protection equipment use.Pilot study involving phacoemulsification cataract surgery on enucleated porcine eyes by […]

The DRCR.net Protocol T clinical trial assessed the comparative efficacy and safety of anti-VEGF treatments including aflibercept, ranibizumab and bevacizumab in diabetic macular edema (DME). Post -hoc analyses showed that after a 12-week induction period, there was still DME resolution in an increasing number of patients through week 24.To assess clinical and cost consequences of […]

Post-implantation visual outcomes in patients with the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis is dependent on a multitude of factors including the positioning of the electrode array on the retina. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the average electrode array-retina gap distance correlates with objective visual function outcomes and sensitivity detection thresholds in patients […]

Determine relationship between refractive error and diabetic retinopathy (DR).Clinical trial SUBJECTS: Myopia is a non-modifiable risk factor reportedly associated with less severe DR in small case series, but this association has not been confirmed in large prospective studies. With a large cohort of patients with type I diabetes followed over 30 years with serial refractive […]

To develop a deep learning system for automated glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) detection using ultra-widefield fundus (UWF) images.We trained, validated and externally evaluated a deep learning system for GON detection based on 22 972 UWF images from 10 590 subjects that were collected at 4 different institutions in China and Japan. The InceptionResNetV2 neural network architecture was […]

To report the clinical outcomes of autologous minor salivary gland transplantation (MSGT) for the treatment of severe dry eye disease caused by cicatrising conjunctivitis.This was a retrospective case series of patients undergoing MSGT at four different centres from 2016 to 2018. The technical modifications included en bloc harvesting of a 20 mm×15 mm mucosa-gland-muscle complex […]

To examine the incidence and natural history of macular retinochoroidal neovascularization (RCN) in Enhanced S-Cone Syndrome (ESCS).Retrospective case series..Institutional.14 out of 93 patients with ESCS, who had signs of active or inactive RCN in at least one eye.Multimodal retinal imaging, full-field electroretinography, molecular genetic analysis of NR2E3 gene.Cumulative incidence of RCN in ESCS, type of […]

To test the hypothesis that idiopathic uveitis can be categorized into subtypes based on gene expression from blood.Case control study METHODS: We applied RNA-Seq to peripheral blood from patients with uveitis associated with one of four systemic diseases, including axial spondyloarthritis (n=17), sarcoidosis (n=13), inflammatory bowel disease (n=12), tubulo-interstitial nephritis with uveitis (n=10), or idiopathic […]

This study analyzed sex differences among cornea specialists with regards to academic rank, scholarly productivity, National Institute of Health (NIH) funding, and industry partnerships.Cross-sectional study.This was a study of faculty at 113 US academic programs. Sex, residency graduation year, and academic rank were collected from institutional websites between January-March 2019. H-indices and m-quotients were collected […]

Early-onset myopia is well known to progress to high myopia in adulthood. However, no accurate estimation of how a specific age at myopia onset is associated with the probability of developing high myopia in adulthood is available, and a very-long-term follow-up study with data from annual visits is needed.To estimate the risk of developing high […]

Pediatric pseudotumor cerebri syndrome pathophysiology is complex and not well delineated. Therefore, it is important to identify potential contributors or targets underlying the primary pathogenesis for its development.To report cases highlighting the association of pediatric pseudotumor cerebri syndrome with adrenal insufficiency.This noncontrolled, observational case series included pediatric patients diagnosed with pseudotumor cerebri syndrome and adrenal […]

Corneal endothelial cell (CEnC) damage and loss are major issues in eye banking and transplantation. The underlying mechanisms for CEnC loss are incompletely understood, and cytoprotective strategies that enhance CEnC viability could have a major effect on donor tissue quality and graft survival.To investigate the cytoprotective role of neuropeptide α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in preventing CEnC […]

To survey variation in management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) by oculoplastic and paediatric ophthalmologists in the UK.A 14-question online survey was sent to all members of the British Oculoplastic Surgery Society (BOPSS) and the British and Irish Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Association (BIPOSA) in February 2020. The aim was to establish preferred primary, secondary […]

To validate six previously known primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)-related loci in a Korean population.Representative POAG-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from six loci (cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2B)-AS1, sineoculis homeobox homolog 1/sineoculis homeobox homolog 6(SIX1/SIX6), atonal BHLH transcription factor 7 (ATOH7), cell division cycle 7-transforming growth factor beta receptor 3, CAV1, transmembrane and […]

Congenital corneal anaesthesia (CCA) is an uncommon cause of corneal ulceration in young patients, with a reported poor visual prognosis. We correlated clinical findings in patients with CCA with corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (SBNP) morphology and dendritiform cell density (DCD) on confocal microscopy.A prospective, case-control study was conducted at a referral clinic. History includied presenting […]

To establish expert recommendations for the management of ocular sarcoidosis (OS).A question-based survey on the management of OS was circulated to international uveitis experts (members of the International Uveitis Study Group and the International Ocular Inflammation Society) electronically. Subsequently, a consensus workshop was conducted at the 7th International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis (IWOS) in June […]

Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a complication of sight loss affecting all ages; yet, few childhood cases have been reported. Our aim is to raise awareness of this under-reported association occurring in children and young adults in order to prevent psychological harm in this age group.A retrospective case series reviewing medical notes of patients <25 years […]

The travel distance from home to a treatment centre, which may impact the stage at diagnosis, has not been investigated for retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. We aimed to investigate the travel burden and its impact on clinical presentation in a large sample of patients with retinoblastoma from Africa and Europe.A cross-sectional analysis […]

Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) remains the gold standard therapy for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO), but is invasive and does not maintain the physiology of the lacrimal pathway. With transcanlicular microdrill dacryoplasty (MDP), there is a minimally invasive alternative surgical approach. This study aimed to present this modern lacrimal duct surgery technique and to evaluate its long-term success […]

To investigate and quantify peripapillary vascular and neuronal changes secondary to diabetic retinopathy, using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA).This was a cross-sectional study.51 eyes of 51 patients affected by non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and 19 age-matched healthy control eyes underwent full ophthalmic examination, including OCT and OCTA in the peripapillary area. […]

Adjuvant use of laser with systemic chemotherapy for treatment of retinoblastoma may reduce recurrence rates while also causing local side effects. Information is lacking on the effect of laser on visual outcomes.A retrospective review of two retinoblastoma centres in the United Kingdom was conducted. Patients were included if there was a macular tumour in at […]

The proportion of daily wearers of eyeglasses among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is small, and the association between daily wear of eyeglasses and COVID-19 susceptibility has not been reported.To study the association between the daily wearing of eyeglasses and the susceptibility to COVID-19.This cohort study enrolled all inpatients with COVID-19 in Suizhou Zengdu […]

Following removal of the eye, soft tissue changes of the eyelids and orbit may develop into an anophthalmic socket (AS) syndrome, which is often attributed to orbital volume deficiency. While adequate primary orbital volume replacement is nowadays standard of care, patients may still present with facial asymmetry. The aim of this study is to provide […]

To assess the functional outcomes after combined iris and intraocular lens (IOL) repair in aniridia patients.Retrospective observational study in 59 aniridic and aphakic eyes for ArtificialIris (AI) and IOL reconstruction. The iris prostheses were placed together with the IOL in the capsular bag using an injection system or were fixed by transscleral suturing of the […]

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) maculopathy is irreversible; primary prevention is done by regular monitoring. Guidelines of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists identify definite toxicity as having abnormal results of two screening tests, we present a quantitative method for interpreting these guidelines.We obtained ocular coherence tomography (OCT) scans of 100 patients who have been on HCQ for 5 […]

Posterior capsule rupture (PCR) rates are used to measure cataract surgeons’ quality. We wished to evaluate the internal non-visible surfaces of metal irrigation/aspiration (I/A) tips to identify potential mechanisms for PCR via novel metallographic imaging.Ten metal I/A instruments underwent metallographic preparation by fine sectioning to expose inner surfaces near the aspiration opening. Analysis of inner bore, […]

In 2017, ophthalmologists had a higher mean final MIPS score than both optometrists and all other physicians combined. Get PDF with LibKey View the article @ Ophthalmology (sign-in may be required)

The purpose of this study is to systematically review the reported data of normal optical coherence tomography (OCT) results in the paediatric population. A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, using the keywords “optical coherence tomography”; “normative data” or “healthy eyes”; “children” or “paediatric population”. Studies with […]

Valsalva retinopathy is known to occur as a sudden preretinal or sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage induced by a rapid rise in venous pressure following increased intrathoracic or intraabdominal pressure. Here we report a case of Valsalva retinopathy that was probably induced by straining that occurred due to following a handstand.A 15-year-old boy became aware of […]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and transscleral-sutured intraocular lens (IOL) implantation (IOL-suture) in complex eyes.In this prospective, consecutive interventional case series, patients who underwent PKP combined with PPV and IOL implantation from July 2014 to March 2018 at Yokohama […]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is associated and shares many risk factors with other diabetic complications, including inflammation. Bacterial infections, potent inducers of inflammation have been associated with the development of diabetic complications apart from DR. Our aim was to investigate the association between bacterial infections and DR.Adult individuals with type 1 diabetes (n=1043) were recruited from […]

Delaying cataract surgery is associated with an increased risk of falls, but it is unknown whether routine preoperative testing delays cataract surgery long enough to cause clinical harm. We sought to determine whether the use of routine preoperative testing leads to harm in the form of delayed surgery and falls in Medicare beneficiaries awaiting cataract […]

To report the histologic and clinical features of idiopathic orbital myositis (IOM) cases who underwent extraocular muscle (EOM) biopsy over 20 years, to provide the first methodical reference to the expected histopathologic findings and to discuss the histopathologic differences from common differential diagnoses.Cohort study.All patients with a diagnosis of IOM who underwent EOM biopsy in […]

To assess the feasibility of automated text parsing screening of physician notes in the electronic health record (EHR) to identify glaucoma patients with poor medication compliance.Cross-Sectional Study.An automated EHR pull identified a cohort of patients at the University of Michigan with a diagnosis of glaucoma, ≥40 years old, taking ≥1 glaucoma medication, and have no […]

To study the feasibility and diagnostic value of vascular imaging using OCT-Angiography (OCTA) of melanocytic lesions of the conjunctiva and iris. Design; Cross-sectional study.Twenty-five patients with an untreated conjunctival lesion (5 melanoma, 13 nevus, 7 primary acquired melanosis (PAM) and 52 patients with an untreated iris lesion (10 melanoma, 42 nevus) were included. Patients were […]

To report our ability to capture, grade reliably and analyze bedside macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) images from preterm infants and relate OCT findings to biological factors and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) status at a single time window in the STudy of Eye imaging in Preterm infantS (BabySTEPS).Prospective observational study PARTICIPANTS: Preterm infants eligible for […]

To evaluate the association of retinal nonperfusion and diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity with location of vascular caliber measurement using ultrawide field (UWF) imaging.Retrospective image review SUBJECTS: Adult subjects with diabetes mellitus.All images from subjects with same day UWF fluorescein angiography (FA) and color imaging (CI) were evaluated. DR severity and predominantly peripheral lesions (PPL) were […]

To study the association between exposure to biomass smoke from cooking fuels andi cataract, visual acuity and ocular symptoms in women.We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study among women (≥20 years and without a previous diagnosis of cataract, ocular trauma or diabetes or those taking steroids) from hilly and plain regions of Nepal. Eligible participants received an […]

To evaluate the various patterns of subretinal fluid (SRF) in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the absence of macular neovascularisation (MNV) and to assess the long-term outcomes in these eyes.This retrospective study included only eyes with non-neovascular AMD and associated SRF. Eyes with evidence of MNV were excluded. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) […]

To study the morphological features of the palpebral lobe of the main lacrimal gland in normal and dry eyes.This cross-sectional study included 25 healthy subjects and 83 patients with dry eye disease (DED). The aetiological groups of DED were cicatrising conjunctivitis (CC, n=35), evaporative dry eyes (EDE, n=25) and Sjogren’s syndrome (SS, n=23). The palpebral […]

To evaluate, with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), the glaucoma-diagnostic ability of a deep-learning classifier.A total of 777 Cirrus high-definition SD-OCT image sets of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) of 315 normal subjects, 219 patients with early-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 243 patients with moderate-to-severe-stage POAG were […]

Terson syndrome is intraocular hemorrhage associated with intracranial hemorrhage. Bilateral Terson syndrome in a child can be challenging.A 5 year old girl presented with bilateral macular sub-internal limiting membrane (ILM) hemorrhage after falling 3 floors. The right eye was managed with limited vitrectomy. The left eye was observed and the hemorrhage resolved over 3 months. […]

This pilot retrospective study compares ocular outcomes, adverse events, and treatment burden for 114 treatment cycles (67 IVC, 47 IAC) for 19 patients receiving intra-arterial (IAC) or intravenous chemoreduction (IVC) for retinoblastoma. IAC patients had fewer unplanned health care visits (p=0.012), fewer grade 3/4 cytopenias (p<0.001), and fewer transfusions (p=0.004). Kaplan-Meyer globe salvage at 3-years […]

To evaluate the long-term outcomes of uveitic macular edema DESIGN: Longitudinal follow-up of a cohort of participants in a randomized clinical trial PARTICIPANTS: 248 eyes of 177 participants with uveitic macular edema enrolled in the Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment Trial and Follow-up Study METHODS: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements, taken at baseline and annually, were […]

A majority of multiple sclerosis patients experience visual impairment, often as the initial presenting symptom of the disease. While structural changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer and optic nerve have demonstrated correlations with brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis using magnetic resonance imaging, a non-invasive, cost-effective, and clinically efficacious modality to identify early damage and […]

To our knowledge, we detail the first case of a phenotypic expression of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy plus caused by a nuclear gene mutation in a 22-year-old female with painless, bilateral, sequential vision loss and dystonia associated with heterozygous mutations in the NDUFAF5 gene. Get PDF with LibKey View the article @ Ophthalmology (sign-in may […]

We introduce erythrocyte-mediated angiography (EMA) as a novel technique for quantifying absolute episcleral blood flow in humans. This technique is highly reproducible and may be a valuable quantitative tool for studying aqueous hemodynamics. Get PDF with LibKey View the article @ Ophthalmology (sign-in may be required)

To evaluate the diagnostic worth of elevated serum ACE (sACE) and lymphopaenia, singly or combined, in diagnosing sarcoid uveitis.Monocentric retrospective study, on a cohort of 996 adult patients referred to our department between March 2001 and December 2018 for a diagnostic work-up of uveitis. The sensitivity (SE), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative […]

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of the systemic re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form of omega-3 fatty acids in patients with dry eye symptoms after cataract surgery.This prospective comparative cohort study comprised 66 patients complaining of new-onset non-specific typical dry eye 1 month after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Subjects were randomly allocated into control and omega-3 groups based […]

To report the foveal cone count in eyes with resolved endophthalmitis vis-à-vis normal fellow eyes using an indigenous adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO).In a prospective cross-sectional comparative pilot study, we recruited patients with resolved endophthalmitis in one eye (study eye) and a normal fellow eye (control eye). Collected data included measurement of the best-corrected […]

To compare intrasession repeatability versus intersession reproducibility of the peripapillary vessel parameters using optical microangiography-based optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in non-glaucomatous and glaucomatous eyes.In an observational, longitudinal study, peripapillary OCTA scans were collected to evaluate intrasession repeatability and intersession reproducibility using within-eye coefficient of variation (CVW) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Images were quantified […]

To describe the proportion of female faculty presenting or moderating at vitreoretinal meetings from 2015 through 2019.Retrospective trend study.6 highly-attended annual national vitreoretinal meetings from 2015-2019 (30 total meetings) METHODS: Conference programs were acquired either via online search or directly from meeting organizers and were reviewed and analyzed. Genders of program committee members, first author […]

To describe the presence of subretinal lipid globules (SLG), analyze the multimodal imaging features inherent in their optical properties and provide a means to distinguish them from other retinal structures and clinical signs.Retrospective cohort study.The clinical data and multimodal imaging features of 39 patients (49 eyes) showing SLG were evaluated. Patients underwent color fundus photography, […]

To evaluate the efficacy of transscleral drainage of subretinal fluid (TDSRF) with and without pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), which are performed as an adjunct to ablative therapies in advanced Coats disease.Retrospective, comparative case series.Thirty-one eyes of 31 consecutive patients with advanced Coats disease with an average age of 47.8±34.2 (2-156) months at the time of […]

Disc-fovea angle quantification in fundus photography (P-DFA) is considered the gold standard for cycloposition assessment. The FoDi software of the SD-OCT Spectralis also measures the DFA (O-DFA) based on subject fixation and offers important clinical advantages. This study aimed to analyze the validity and reliability of OCT measuring cycloposition and to determine its performance in […]

To develop geometric perfusion deficits (GPD), an optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) biomarker based on oxygen diffusion, and to evaluate its utility in a pilot study of healthy subjects and patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).Retrospective cross-sectional study.Commercial spectral-domain OCTA instruments were used to acquire repeated 3×3 mm2 and 6×6 mm2 motion-corrected macular OCTA volumes. En […]

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of extraocular muscle function was used to evaluate the role of newly-recognized mechanisms underlying compensation of large heterophoria by vertical fusional vergence (VFV).Prospective case series.At one academic center, 8 adults with large hyperphoria and super-normal VFV underwent MRI during monocular and binocular fixation of a centered, near target. Contractility of the […]

To report the application of endoscopy in the management of ocular trauma, describe the clinical settings and the treatment outcomes.Retrospective, consecutive, non-comparative case series at a tertiary eye care centre. Data recorded included aetiology of trauma, presenting vision, corneal condition at presentation, per-operative clinical findings during endoscopy, prognostication of the cases on table, final visual […]

To determine if the three-dimensional eyeball shape is associated with the positions of the central retinal vascular trunk (CRVT) and the externally oblique border (EOB) in the optic nerve head (ONH).Prospective cross-sectional study PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-six (56) subjects (112 eyes) with a diagnosis of glaucoma or glaucoma suspect METHODS: The three-dimensional shape of the eyeball on […]