The Latest Breast Surgery Journal Articles
Keep up to date with the latest in breast surgery. Check out the latest breast surgery articles from leading medical journals in a single view, helping you discover relevant articles quickly and easily
- Underrepresentation of Racial Minorities in Breast Surgery Literature: A Call for Increased Diversity and Inclusion.In this study, the extent of racial diversity in images of breast-related plastic surgery published literature was investigated to better understand disparities that exist in breast surgery.The lack of racial diversity in images of skin color in surgery literature can perpetuate implicit bias and stereotypes. Implicit bias can affect the way patients are evaluated, diagnosed, […]
- Smartphone-Based Assessment of Preoperative Decision Conflict and Postoperative Physical Activity Among Patients Undergoing Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.To determine the prevalence of clinically significant decision conflict (CSDC) among patients undergoing cancer surgery and associations with postoperative physical activity, as measured through smartphone accelerometer data.Patients with cancer face challenging treatment decisions, which may lead to CSDC. CSDC negatively affects patient-provider relationships, psychosocial functioning, and health-related quality of life; however, physical manifestations of CSDC […]
- Robot-assisted Nipple-sparing Mastectomy with Immediate Breast Reconstruction: An Initial Experience of the Korea Robot-Endoscopy Minimal Access Breast Surgery Study Group (KoREa-BSG).The aim of this study was to present the results of early experience of RANSM.Robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy (RANSM) improves cosmetic outcomes over conventional nipple-sparing mastectomy (CNSM). However, data on the feasibility and safety of the RANSM are limited.Patients who underwent RANSM with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) as part of the Korea Robot-Endoscopy & Minimal Access […]
- Association of Breast Cancer Surgery With Quality of Life and Psychosocial Well-being in Young Breast Cancer Survivors.Young women with breast cancer are increasingly choosing bilateral mastectomy (BM), yet little is known about short-term and long-term physical and psychosocial well-being following surgery in this population.To evaluate the differential associations of surgery with quality of life (QOL) and psychosocial outcomes from 1 to 5 years following diagnosis.Cohort study.Multicenter, including academic and community hospitals […]
- Residential Racial Segregation and Disparities in Breast Cancer Presentation, Treatment, and Survival.To understand the role of racial residential segregation on Black-White disparities in breast cancer presentation, treatment, and outcomes.Racial disparities in breast cancer treatment and outcomes are well documented. Black individuals present at advanced stage, are less likely to receive appropriate surgical and adjuvant treatment, and have lower overall and stage-specific survival relative to White individuals.Using […]
- Changes in Reoperation After Publication of Consensus Guidelines on Margins for Breast-Conserving Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The 2014 publication of the Society of Surgical Oncology-American Society for Radiation Oncology (SSO-ASTRO) Consensus Guideline on Margins for Breast-Conserving Surgery recommended a negative margin definition of no ink on tumor. Adoption of this guideline would represent a major change in surgical practice that could lower the rates of reoperation.To assess changes in reoperation rates […]
- Changes in Reoperation After Publication of Consensus Guidelines on Margins for Breast-Conserving Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The 2014 publication of the Society of Surgical Oncology-American Society for Radiation Oncology (SSO-ASTRO) Consensus Guideline on Margins for Breast-Conserving Surgery recommended a negative margin definition of no ink on tumor. Adoption of this guideline would represent a major change in surgical practice that could lower the rates of reoperation.To assess changes in reoperation rates […]
- Robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy: systematic review.The growing volume of studies of robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy requires critical assessment. This review synthesizes the data on safety, feasibility, oncological and cosmetic outcomes, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy.A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process/ePubs, Embase/Embase Classic, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS, […]
- Reconstructive trends following mastectomies in Scotland: A comparison with England.In England there has been a substantial increase in the use of immediate implant-based reconstruction, accounting for over half of all immediate reconstructions (IR). Less than one third of patients in England undergo autologous reconstruction IR. Our aim was to examine IR trends in Scotland.Data was extracted from the Scottish Morbidity Record held at the […]
- Reconstructive trends following mastectomies in Scotland: A comparison with England.In England there has been a substantial increase in the use of immediate implant-based reconstruction, accounting for over half of all immediate reconstructions (IR). Less than one third of patients in England undergo autologous reconstruction IR. Our aim was to examine IR trends in Scotland.Data was extracted from the Scottish Morbidity Record held at the […]
- Association Between Medicaid Expansion and the Use of Outpatient General Surgical Care Among US Adults in Multiple States.The Affordable Care Act expanded access to Medicaid coverage in 2014 for individuals living in participating states. Whether expanded coverage was associated with increases in the use of outpatient surgical care, particularly among underserved populations, remains unknown.To evaluate the association between state participation in the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion reform and the use of […]
- Artificial Intelligence in plastic surgery: What is it? Where are we now? What is on the horizon?An increasing quantity of data is required to guide precision medicine and advance future healthcare practices, but current analytical methods often become overwhelmed. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides a promising solution. Plastic surgery is an innovative surgical specialty expected to implement AI into current and future practices. It is important for all plastic surgeons to understand […]
- Ethnicity and the surgical management of early invasive breast cancer in over 164 000 women.Limited information is available about patterns of surgical management of early breast cancer by ethnicity of women in England, and any potential inequalities in the treatment received for breast cancer.National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service data for women diagnosed with early invasive breast cancer (ICD-10 C50) during 2012-2017 were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression was used […]
- Rates of re-excision and conversion to mastectomy after breast-conserving surgery with or without oncoplastic surgery: a nationwide population-based study.There is no consensus regarding the impact of oncoplastic surgery (OPS) on rates of re-excision and conversion to mastectomy following breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Here these two outcomes after BCS and OPS were compared in a nationwide population-based setting.In Denmark, all OPS is registered and categorized into volume displacement, volume reduction or volume replacement. Patients who […]
- Breast Implant-associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Incidence: Determining an Accurate Risk.This study sought to estimate the incidence and incidence rate of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) at a high-volume single institution, which enables vigorous long-term follow-up and implant tracking for more accurate estimates.The reported incidence of BIA-ALCL is highly variable, ranging from 1 in 355 to 1 in 30,000 patients, demonstrating a need […]
- A Novel Staging System for De Novo Metastatic Breast Cancer Refines Prognostic Estimates.We aim to identify prognostic groups within a de novo metastatic cohort, incorporating both anatomic and biologic factors.Staging for breast cancer now includes anatomic and biologic factors, although the guidelines for stage IV disease do not account for how these factors may influence outcomes.Adults with de novo metastatic breast cancer were selected from the National […]
- Diagnosing Pathologic Complete Response in the Breast After Neoadjuvant Systemic Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients by Minimal Invasive Biopsy: Oral Presentation at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium on Friday, December 13, 2019, Program Number GS5-03.We evaluated the ability of minimally invasive, image-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) to reliably diagnose a pathologic complete response in the breast (pCR-B).Neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST) elicits a pathologic complete response in up to 80% of women with breast cancer. In such cases, breast surgery, the gold standard for confirming pCR-B, may be considered overtreatment.This multicenter, […]
- The Impact of Radiotherapy on Patient-reported Outcomes of Immediate Implant-based Breast Reconstruction With and Without Mesh.To explore the impact of PMRT on PROs of IBBR performed with and without mesh.PMRT is increasingly given to improve breast cancer outcomes but can adversely impact complications after IBBR. Little; however, is known about the impact of PMRT on the PROs of IBBR, especially when mesh is used.The implant Breast Reconstruction evAluation prospective cohort […]
- The Surgeon’s Perceived Value of Patient-reported Outcome Measures (PROMs): An Exploratory Qualitative Study of 5 Different Surgical Subspecialties.To understand the surgeon’s perceived value of PROMs in 5 different surgical subspecialties.PROMs are validated questionnaires that assess the symptoms, function, and quality of life from the patient’s perspective. Despite the increasing support for use of PROMs in the literature, there is limited uptake amongst surgeons. Furthermore, there is insufficient understanding of the surgeons’ perceived […]
- Association of Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act With Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis.The expansion of Medicaid sought to fill gaps in insurance coverage among low-income Americans. Although coverage has improved, little is known about the relationship between Medicaid expansion and breast cancer stage at diagnosis.To review the association of Medicaid expansion with breast cancer stage at diagnosis and the disparities associated with insurance status, age, and race/ethnicity.This […]
- Bridging the Age Gap: a prognostic model that predicts survival and aids in primary treatment decisions for older women with oestrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer.A prognostic model was developed and validated using cancer registry data. This underpins an online decision support tool, informing primary treatment choice for women aged 70 years or older with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer.Data from women diagnosed between 2002 and 2010 in the English Northern and Yorkshire and West Midlands regions were used to develop […]
- Assessment of Technical Skills in Axillary Lymph Node Dissection.A simulator to enable safe practice and assessment of ALND has been designed, and face, content and construct validity has been investigated.The reduction in the number of ALNDs conducted has led to decreased resident exposure and confidence.A cross-sectional multicenter observational study was carried out between July 2017 and August 2018. Following model development, 30 surgeons […]
- Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Prospective Series of 52 Patients.We sought to evaluate patients at a single academic institution in a prospective manner to report patient presentation, clinical course, treatment, and outcomes in breast implant ALCL patients.Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (breast implant ALCL) is an uncommon T cell lymphoma, which is associated with textured surface breast implants. The disease has received increasing […]
- Multilingual Analysis of the Quality and Readability of Online Health Information on the Adverse Effects of Breast Cancer Treatments.Click here to read the full article @ JAMA surgery
- Breast cancer surgery in older women: outcomes of the Bridging Age Gap in Breast Cancer study.Breast cancer surgery in older women is variable and sometimes non-standard owing to concerns about morbidity. Bridging the Age Gap in Breast Cancer is a prospective multicentre cohort study aiming to determine factors influencing treatment selection and outcomes from surgery for older patients with breast cancer.Women aged at least 70 years with operable breast cancer were […]
- Axillary nodal metastatic burden in patients with breast cancer with clinically positive axillary nodes.The aim of this study was to determine preoperative factors and tumour characteristics related to a high nodal tumour burden in patients with clinically node-positive breast cancer. These findings were used to construct a predictive tool to evaluate the patient-specific risk of having more than two axillary lymph node metastases.Altogether, 507 consecutive patients with breast […]
- Deimplementation of the Choosing Wisely Recommendations for Low-Value Breast Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review.Overtreatment of early-stage breast cancer results in increased morbidity and cost without improving survival. Major surgical organizations participating in the Choosing Wisely campaign identified 4 breast cancer operations as low value: (1) axillary lymph node dissection for limited nodal disease in patients receiving lumpectomy and radiation, (2) re-excision for close but negative lumpectomy margins for […]
- Does ‘fast – track’ axillary node clearance following positive core biopsy lead to overtreatment of axilla?Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the preferred axillary staging procedure, although axillary node clearance (ANC) is still indicated in subgroups of patients. This study aims to review our practice of axillary treatment in node positive cancer, to determine the proportion of patients requiring ANC and to identify if this can be avoided in some […]
- Impact of family history risk assessment on surgical decisions and imaging surveillance at breast cancer diagnosis.In June 2013, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published guidance on the management of women with a family history (FH) of breast cancer (BC) and a personal diagnosis of BC. When diagnosed with BC, pressure of timely treatment takes priority and there is potential for a significant FH to be overlooked. […]
- Use of bilateral prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomy in patients with high risk of breast cancer.Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is being performed increasingly for risk reduction in high-risk groups. There are limited data regarding complications and oncological outcomes in women undergoing bilateral prophylactic NSM. This study reviewed institutional experience with prophylactic NSM, and examined the indications, rates of postoperative complications, incidence of occult malignant disease and subsequent breast cancer diagnosis.Women who […]
- Tumour-to-tumour metastasis: breast carcinoma to an olfactory neuroblastoma.Tumour-to-tumour metastasis is a rare phenomenon. It occurs when a primary tumour is a recipient of a separate tumour within the same individual. We present a case of a 66-year-old woman with known breast cancer who presented with one-sided nasal symptoms. Examination and imaging revealed a unilateral polyp arising from the skull base. She underwent […]
- Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Surgical vs Nonsurgical Treatment of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Systematic Review.Secondary lymphedema is a debilitating complication of breast cancer therapy and affects more than 1 in 5 breast cancer survivors. Patient-reported outcomes may be more important in predicting long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than clinician-measured outcomes.To summarize published evidence on HRQoL outcomes for vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) and complex decongestive therapy (CDT) used […]
- Axillary lymphadenopathy in a pregnant woman: a case report.Lymphadenopathy is a common presentation in surgical assessment units and has numerous differential diagnoses. In one-stop breast clinics, its discovery often raises concerns of malignancy. This case report focuses on the case of a 33-year-old pregnant woman presenting to the breast clinic with a right axillary lump, which was found to be the result of […]
- Long-term outcome of pT1a-b, cN0 breast cancer without axillary dissection or staging: a prospective observational study of 1543 women.The implementation of screening programmes in Sweden during the mid-1990s increased the number of small node-negative breast cancers. In this era before staging by sentinel node biopsy, routine axillary dissection for staging of early breast cancer was questioned owing to the increased morbidity and lack of perceived benefit. The long-term risk of axillary recurrence when […]
- Immediate unilateral breast reconstruction and contralateral breast augmentation with bilateral free deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps.A 42-year-old woman was referred for consideration of left-sided mastectomy and immediate reconstruction. She previously had a bilateral breast augmentation using silicone implants. She desired to maintain her breast size and natural appearance. Owing to the availability of sufficient abdominal tissue, the option of an immediate unilateral breast reconstruction and contralateral augmentation with a differentially […]
- Significance of a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy in staging for distant metastasis in breast cancer: are current guidelines relevant?In breast cancer, early identification of distant metastasis changes management. Current guidelines recommend radiological staging in patients with a preoperative positive axilla; no guidelines address a preoperative negative axilla with subsequent positive sentinel lymph node biopsy. This study investigates whether current guidelines adequately identify distant metastasis in a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy population that […]
- Risk of colorectal cancer associated with BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation carriers: systematic review and meta-analysis.Carriers of the BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation incur a lifetime risk of up to 85 per cent for breast cancer, and between 20 and 40 per cent for ovarian cancer. Efforts to estimate the lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer for BRCA mutation carriers have produced conflicting results. Consequently, there are no formal guidelines regarding […]
- Effect of omission of surgery on survival in patients aged 80 years and older with early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.Surgery is increasingly being omitted in older patients with operable breast cancer in the Netherlands. Although omission of surgery can be considered in frail older patients, it may lead to inferior outcomes in non-frail patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of omission of surgery on relative and overall survival […]
- Breast cancer diagnosis based on lipid profiling by probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.Probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PESI-MS) is an ambient ionization-based mass spectrometry method that surpasses the original electrospray ionization technique in features such as the rapidity of analysis, simplicity of the equipment and procedure, and lower cost. This study found that the PESI-MS system with machine learning has the potential to establish a lipid-based diagnosis […]
- Influence of complications following total mastectomy and immediate reconstruction on breast cancer recurrence.Immediate breast reconstruction is safe from an oncological perspective, but the relatively high rate of postoperative complications raises oncological concerns. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential influence of postoperative complications after immediate breast reconstruction on breast cancer recurrence and survival.Patients with breast cancer who had total mastectomy and immediate reconstruction between 2008 and […]
- The investigation and management of unilateral nipple discharge.Between 16,000 and 48,000 women are estimated to present to UK breast clinics with nipple discharge each year. The incidence of malignancy in these women is 2.7-24.2%. Currently, there is no consensus on the best way to investigate and manage these women. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of malignancy in […]
- Oncologic Outcomes of Nipple-sparing Mastectomy and Immediate Reconstruction After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer.To evaluate the oncologic outcomes and risk factors for locoregional recurrence (LRR) and nipple-areola complex recurrence (NR) in a large series of breast cancer patients who underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) and immediate reconstruction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).The use of NSM and immediate reconstruction in breast cancer patients receiving NACT is increasing. However, the oncologic safety […]
- Management of the axilla following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer- A change in practice.Chemotherapy in the neo adjuvant setting has allowed downsizing of breast tumours thus allowing patients to benefit from breast conservation surgery. The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has also been observed in the axilla but most units are still treating the axilla with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).A prospective database of breast cancer patients receiving […]
- The Global Macroeconomic Burden of Breast Cancer: Implications for Oncologic Surgery.In this study, we quantified the global macroeconomic burden of breast cancer to underscore the critical importance of improving access to oncologic surgical care internationally.Breast cancer mortality in many low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is dramatically higher than in high-income countries. Prior to identifying solutions, however, it is important to first define the burden of […]
- Therapeutic mammaplasty is a safe and effective alternative to mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction.Therapeutic mammaplasty (TM) may be an alternative to mastectomy, but few well designed studies have evaluated the success of this approach or compared the short-term outcomes of TM with mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). Data from the national iBRA-2 and TeaM studies were combined to compare the safety and short-term outcomes of […]
- Biological subtype, treatment response and outcomes in inflammatory breast cancer using data from the National Cancer Database.Although inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is postulated to be a distinct biological entity, practice guidelines and previous data suggest that treatment and outcomes are influenced by standard approximated biological subtype. The aim of this study was validation in a large recent National Cancer Database (NCDB) patient cohort.Patients with non-metastatic IBC treated in 2010-2015 with neoadjuvant […]
- Perineural invasion in intramedullary spinal cord metastasis.A woman in her late sixties was referred to the orthopaedic clinic with progressive lower limb weakness and gait disturbance. She was known to have breast cancer with pre-existing infiltrative disease in the left brachial plexus. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine revealed an intramedullary spinal cord metastasis in the lower cervical cord at C6-C7. […]
- Breast cancer in young black women.Young age at breast cancer diagnosis is associated with negative prognostic outcomes, and breast cancer in black women often manifests at a young age. This study evaluated the effect of age on breast cancer management and outcomes in black women.This was a retrospective cohort study of all black women treated for invasive breast cancer between […]
- Consensus Statement on Robotic Mastectomy-Expert Panel From International Endoscopic and Robotic Breast Surgery Symposium (IERBS) 2019.To achieve a consensus statement on robotic mastectomy.Robotic-assisted surgery has gained much attention especially the results of few case series reporting on the technical feasibility, safety and early oncologic outcomes of robotic-assisted mastectomy in a few centers worldwide. The aim of this consensus statement was to develop and provide standardized guidelines on robotic mastectomy based […]
- The history and development of breast implants.This review discusses the historical development of smooth and textured silicone gel filled implants, and examines the reasoning behind product development and aspects of surgical technique from a surgeon’s perspective. Click here to read the full article @ Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
- Diagnosis and management of chyle leak following axillary dissection.Chyle leak following oncological breast and axillary surgery is a rare complication with small number of reported cases in the literature and little formal guidance regarding management. We present a review of the current literature and further related guidance from other specialties, along with suggested strategies for identification, diagnosis and management of this uncommon but […]
- Surgical margins for borderline and malignant phyllodes tumours.Phyllodes tumours represent less than 1% of all UK breast neoplasms. Histological features allow classification into benign, borderline or malignant, which has a significant impact on prognosis and recurrence. Currently, there is no consensus for the optimal surgical excision margin. This systematic review aims to provide a comparative summary of outcomes (local recurrence, metastasis and […]
- Chest wall resection and reconstruction for recurrent breast cancer – A multidisciplinary approach.Despite therapeutic advances in the management of breast cancer, a significant number of patients present with locoregional recurrence. Treatment with hormonal, chemo or radiotherapy remains standard in such cases. However, in selected patients of recurrent breast cancer involving chest wall, multidisciplinary surgical approach could be considered.Between 2010 and 2018, 21 patients with recurrent breast cancer, […]
- Breast Conservation After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Surgical Results From the BrighTNess Randomized Clinical Trial.Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is often administered to enable breast-conserving therapy (BCT) in stages II to III breast cancer.To prospectively evaluate the role of NST in conversion from BCT ineligibility to BCT eligibility and to assess the association of response to NST, germline BRCA (gBRCA) status, and region of treatment with surgical choice in women […]
- Multifocal and multicentric breast cancer, is it time to think again?Multifocal multicentric breast cancer has traditionally been considered a contraindication to breast conserving surgery because of concerns regarding locoregional control and risk of disease recurrence. However, the evidence supporting this practice is limited. Increasingly, many breast surgeons are advocating breast conservation in selected cases. This short narrative review summarises current evidence on the role of […]
- Is Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction Cost-effective?This manuscript is the first to employ rigorous methodological criteria to critically appraise a surgical preventative technique for breast cancer-related lymphedema from a cost-utility standpoint.Breast cancer-related lymphedema is a well-documented complication of breast cancer survivors in the US. In this study, we conduct a cost-utility analysis to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the LYMPHA.Lymphedema rates after […]
- Multicentre study of the risk of invasive cancer and use of sentinel node biopsy in women with a preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ.Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the breast that is diagnosed by biopsy implies a risk of upstaging to invasive carcinoma (IC) on final pathology. These patients require a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for axillary staging. A two-stage procedure is not always feasible and precise selection of patients who should be offered SLNB is […]
- Meta-analysis of the impact of progesterone receptor status on oncological outcomes in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.Assessment of the oestrogen receptor (ER) provides important prognostic information in breast cancer. The impact of progesterone receptor (PgR) status is less clear. Standardization of immunohistochemical analysis of these receptors has reduced interstudy heterogeneity. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of PgR negativity on outcomes in ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer.This study […]
- Level III dissection in locally advanced breast cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a retrospective study.Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in India, and 30-60% of patients present with locally advanced breast cancer. Level III clearance is routinely performed in India in locally advanced breast cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, even in clinical complete response. We analysed our data of patients with locally advanced breast cancer post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy who […]
- Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy on Permanent Implants or Tissue Expanders: Which is Better?This study evaluates complications and reconstructive failure rates in implant-based reconstruction with radiotherapy.Postmastectomy radiotherapy may adversely affect breast reconstructive outcomes. However, the comparative effect of radiotherapy on direct-to-implant versus tissue expander-implant reconstruction has not been examined.Single institution retrospective review was performed and patients were followed 2 to 10 years.Of 1566 patients, 265 patients received radiation […]